循环经济的生态学基础探究

循环经济本质上是一种生态经济,生态学是其重要的学科基础.已有文献论述了循环经济的若干生态学原理,文章从以下几个方面予以补充:(1)循环再生原理:从有限到无限的生命法则; (2)进化与演替:发展循环经济必须以文化、社会的深刻变革为依托; (3)主导性与多样性原理:主导性和多样性的合理匹配才能维持系统的稳定与持续; (4)自生原理:合理利用和维护自然系统的自生机制,保证经济与社会发展的可持续性.     

Motivational bases for managing diversity: A model of leadership commitment

Given the limited effectiveness of equal employment opportunity and affirmative action programs in promoting minorities in the U.S., the onus to advance women and minority groups may depend on the voluntary efforts from corporate America. In this paper, we apply a general theory of commitment to help explain why top executives may be committed to managing diversity in organizations. We propose that top executive commitment can stem from instrumental, normative, or affective bases. Specifically, top executives may be motivated because of utility maximization, a moral obligation, or a personal desire to be associated with a program of social importance and/or to leave a positive legacy. We further explore the implications of the three motivational bases of top executive commitment to managing diversity on firm diversity outcomes, and we offer some propositions which can serve as a basis for future research.     

Convergent cultural evolution and multilevel selection: Reply to comments on Janet Landa’s ‘The bioeconomics of homogenous middleman groups as adaptive units: Theory and empirical evidence viewed from a group selection framework’

The comments on Janet Landa’s (J Bioecon 10(3):259–278, 2008) target article provide a fascinating snapshot of how multilevel selection theory is perceived across several disciplines. When we focus on the zone of agreement among the commentators, Landa’s article provides an important example of convergent cultural evolution. When we focus on the zone of disagreement, we find a snapshot of the current status of the group selection controversy that goes beyond narrow scientific issues and requires a ‘truth and reconciliation’ process to resolve, as discussed in my series of blogs titled “Truth and Reconciliation for Group Selection” (Wilson , 2009) and briefly summarized here.      

Ecosystem services–biodiversity relationships depend on land use type in floodplain agroecosystems

Managing agricultural floodplains to meet present and future human requirements without jeopardizing biodiversity conservation is a challenge for land use planners and ecologists. This paper aims to disentangle the relationships between ecosystem services and biodiversity in multifunctional landscapes, such as floodplain agroecosystems, by disaggregating their values across land use types. We measured eight ecosystem services (gas regulation, soil formation, nutrient regulation, habitat provision, food provision, raw materials production, education, and recreation) and six plant diversity indexes (richness, abundance, and true diversity for both plant species and growth forms) in seven land use types identified in the floodplain of the River Piedra (Spain). We observed that all land use types provided services to some extent, but each one was better at providing certain services. Natural or semi-natural habitats provided more services and hosted greater diversity than cultivated land use types. In addition, five diversity indexes were strongly correlated to at least three ecosystem services each one. Habitat provision and education were the ecosystem services positively correlating to most diversity indexes, whereas food provision was negatively correlated to all diversity indexes. Moreover, analyzing the interactions between ecosystem services and biodiversity across land use types, we observed that land use type was the controlling factor regarding the sign and significance of the interaction. The results of this study suggest that, in floodplains agroecosystems, a mosaic landscape of different land use types helps support ecosystem services and contributes to maintaining biodiversity while using local resources. Such land use policies might manage agricultural floodplains at the landscape scale while still being able to accommodate specific measures for each land use type. Moreover, riparian forests should be preserved and restored across the floodplain as they are hot spots for biodiversity and ecosystem services provision.     

Perceived organizational diversity and employee behavior

While the impact of organizational diversity on employee work outcomes has received significant research attention, there is a dearth of literature in hospitality settings, particularly in Eastern cultures. Integrating the Social Identity Theory and diversity literature, this study, using data collected from 22 hotels in Taiwan, examined the relationship of perceived organizational diversity with Job Performance (JP), Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCB) and Turnover Intention. The results indicated that the level of diversity perceived by hotel employees, significantly influenced employee JP and OCB. Ethnicity status also moderated the relationship between the perception of diversity levels and employee turnover intention. Specifically, a negative relationship between perceived diversity and turnover intention was observed among indigenous employees while a positive relationship was observed among non-indigenous employees.     

Women on boards of directors: Why skirts in seats aren’t enough

Most organizations focus their attention on simply achieving gender diversity on their boards. This approach misses the point. A complex relationship exists between board gender diversity and good governance whereby such diversity can have a negative, positive, or neutral impact on organizational performance, indicating that organizations may only reap the benefits of gender-diverse boards under proper conditions. This article examines which conditions allow gender-diverse boards to flourish and which conditions lead to failure. Organizations usually increase female representation on boards of directors to achieve one of two goals: gender parity or improved governance. Each of these goals is influenced by different circumstances and thus must be approached in a unique manner. Three recommendations are offered herein for organizations trying to achieve each goal. Gender, ethnic, and cultural board diversity all share related justifications and challenges, so organizations that follow the recommendations in this article will be well positioned to benefit from all three sources of increased diversity on their boards of directors.     

论语言差异与民族学生学业质量

本文运用文化人类学的研究方法,对影响民族学生学业质量的文化因素进行了深入的研究分析,在此基础上,以文化冲突等相关理论为依据,着重从文化的角度分析影响民族学生学业质量的语言差异因素,并进行理论解释和探讨,提出相关的对策建议。     

多样化人才培养模式构建的影响因素及其思考

地方工科院校多样化人才培养模式的构建,受到社会、高校以及学生个人因素的影响.弄清并理顺它们之间的相互关系,可以为地方工科院校进行多样化人才培养模式构建提供理论依据,也为构建多样化人才培养模式的质量保障体系奠定基础.     

二元制度压力下区域多元化企业分支机构的合法性反应

在文献研究的基础上,构建了一个区域多元化企业分支机构合法性反应的分析框架。区域间制度环境差异决定了制度二元冲突的大小,分支机构针对外部合法性与内部一致性冲突的大小,选择"表里不一"或者"表里如一"的合法性反应。     

基于多样性指数的临港新城景观格局演变分析

在景观生态学研究中,理解与把握景观格局变化的生态学原则至关重要。用景观指数描述景观格局及变化,建立格局与景观过程之间的联系,是景观生态学最常用的定量化研究方法。文章在综台前人对景观指数的基础上,对景观指数研究,选择以香农多样性指数作为判定标准,结合遥感、GIS技术,对上海临港新城的生境破碎化状况和动态,以及景观格局演变进行了研究,探讨了近10年来临港新城景观格局演变的机理及驱动机制。